How We Know · Case 004 · skeptical
What the Mehrabian 7-38-55 weighting did and did not show
What did the 7-38-55 weighting represent in the examined primary editions, how was it derived, and what supports or undercuts its circulation as a general rule of communication?
Historical evidence through 2026-08-27 about the narrow experiments, cross-study proposal, later qualification, direct rebuttal, and propagation of 7-38-55. This evidence file does not establish a universal law of communication.
skeptical finding
withhold universal rule and withhold recovered-origin claim for the seven-percent coefficient
What to do with that: Do not teach that 93 percent of communication is nonverbal: no reviewed three-channel experiment established that universal rule.
The .07 origin remains unresolved, and direct all-channel evidence produced message-specific equations.
Lineage accounting
The units count different things
2original 1967 experimentsTwo different participant groups tested two different channel pairings5participant-data rootsOriginal, direct-rebuttal, and related studies remain separate3zero-credit propagation objectsCirculation documents popularity, not scientific truth1unresolved coefficient derivationReverse engineering does not recover the source of the verbal weight
Shared capture: The two 1967 participant groups are distinct, but their papers share authorship, grants, materials, methods, scales, speakers, citation, and the later cross-study derivation.
Warrant boundary: The fixed three-number formula was proposed across studies; neither original experiment tested verbal, vocal, and facial channels together.
Sentence x-ray
What the selected record actually supports
Open a sentence to inspect its exact work, edition, span, retrieval, digest, and license chain.
01 The circulated claim that 93 percent of communication is nonverbal is not a result established by the two 1967 experiments.
Typed relation: support
- Relation
relation-assertion-popular-ruleem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:4c38a2c323b338f8574623ca37504b6e77ded7a9303ecdf337fde6a33c0260dd- Proposition
claim-popular-ruleem:dossier-proposition:sha256:a8ccfbad6bdf99d4be2938ac6fc23fae7e785dcd57735e3b93e502a2b8aba8ef- Assertion
assertion-popular-ruleem:dossier-assertion:sha256:803cb6783de07cf7cdf07f9f6b4fa0ba6f90260e2c632b3bc22cbf18e34a714a- Lineage
lineage-general-rule-synthesisem:dossier-lineage:sha256:6b47ad10be166f9688f87f5c847b321c50f06d9b30709eb079803e51a14a964c
Decoding of inconsistent communications
journal p.109; PDF p.1, abstract
inconsistent communication of attitude in 2 components of a message
- Edition
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- Span
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- Span digest
- sha256:e5a5e1ffb2ebed6cd6dc939f4ec23d4e956df40f5b5e12b187296c72ec8a24fd
- Retrieval
- No external retrieval record; repository audit span
- License
- No open article license was confirmed. The readable scan is not redistributed; only identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans are retained. · No open article license was confirmed. The readable scan is not redistributed; only identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans are retained.
Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels
journal p.248; PDF p.1, abstract
3 degrees of attitude (i.e., positive, neutral, and negative) in facial expression ... were each combined with 3 degrees of attitude communicated vocally
- Edition
- em:dossier-edition:sha256:7669d19a5b08701c9a5c5102d54cd2bce8cba854d8bbde75023f1049d2d9294e
- Edition digest
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- Span
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- Span digest
- sha256:220db2149c0f0244a0e43b6bfeb4d941396a6783121b071b799f69cd8ebe0704
- Retrieval
- No external retrieval record; repository audit span
- License
- No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
Silent Messages -- Description and Ordering Information
HTML body, strong element following the equation
Unless a communicator is talking about their feelings or attitudes, these equations are not applicable
- Edition
- em:dossier-edition:sha256:57d23a52e1ec5e9f0d4fbd012397156b9a5713527634e7c1a3ffce9699ea25d1
- Edition digest
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- Span
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- Span digest
- sha256:17fc31577e9efe03e26b79276749e7a724ffbe134ac1af41b51c1fe9d227a8cf
- Retrieval
- No external retrieval record; repository audit span
- License
- Copyrighted author page with no open license observed; quote minimally and attribute. · Copyrighted author page with no open license observed; quote minimally and attribute.
Message impact: What percentage is nonverbal?
ERIC abstract
Regression equations for each of four messages were quite different from Mehrabian's formula and from each other
- Edition
- em:dossier-edition:sha256:aab90cb44b2944deef68a4fb245bf3c6681ae4814e3befaf254e24ac6aefc392
- Edition digest
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- Span
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- Span digest
- sha256:8984ae9eb204a78ae87c6bf2e367d74699e49a53e0892ada7d3d93c25bdb8873
- Retrieval
- No external retrieval record; repository audit span
- License
- Publisher full text is closed and returned HTTP 403. The public ERIC and publisher abstracts are used quote-minimally; no full text is redistributed. · Publisher full text is closed and returned HTTP 403. The public ERIC and publisher abstracts are used quote-minimally; no full text is redistributed.
02 The .07/.38/.55 values were proposed in P2's discussion as a cross-study weighted-sum extrapolation; neither 1967 experiment tested all three channels together.
Typed relation: support
- Relation
relation-assertion-three-coefficient-proposalem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:b96dff398cbed1de6bd61eea64f1310a236d8dc6bf867be13b17101679aed5de- Proposition
claim-three-coefficient-proposalem:dossier-proposition:sha256:d5f8c244c917ded288c04ead85148508187beaf34687a13d5bc10fb0b0d3b717- Assertion
assertion-three-coefficient-proposalem:dossier-assertion:sha256:3ea0b7437f3ae5c3a1c60bbb940ad581563333b7f578815a88b56ef0ed24f76d- Lineage
lineage-cross-study-proposalem:dossier-lineage:sha256:dbc978e3950abc1a5b1619813a601090df761d98c7016b8b10f8532137f00923
Typed dependence
edge-p1-p2-proposal-derivationlineage-mehrabian-original-program → lineage-cross-study-proposalem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:21eaf6790f95563abba094777e750923b1ffc99ac39644563ac6efce9a7ef4d5accepted_dimension=derivation; accepted_status=known-cross-study-proposal-missing-verbal-step; effect=The .07/.38/.55 statement combines linked studies in P2's discussion. It is not a third participant-data root, and the exact .07 derivation remains no-credit.
Calculation · Facial-to-vocal ratio from P2's reported regression. Calculation: 1.50 / 1.03 = 1.4563106796116505.
- Relation
relation-assertion-derive-p2-facial-vocal-ratioem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:73ce219cb19b54e72d3335eb15c0b455c74b2abf0ace1303daacb4aef0ec09ea- Proposition
em:dossier-proposition:sha256:2560cd963ac71fe56353a7f4bd65e4813610d046233d456231a6eb02db108e5d- Assertion
em:dossier-assertion:sha256:2207227cbaeab78c16aa47a2cdc3524c33d04f4afa42a9010efbab89423a36d3
span-ferris-regressionjournal p.251; PDF p.4, Resultsem:dossier-span:sha256:547e7603aa1b4f25f5a0d80061dbc0ac993dda410472b8c85b4f4bd5c016c033 · sha256:bcc0eade411f9c8c396c9b9fcdba75229f47d89257a82c908cb4cf7e98c0ce49em:dossier-edition:sha256:7669d19a5b08701c9a5c5102d54cd2bce8cba854d8bbde75023f1049d2d9294e · sha256:f132b225949e47049c27c628f0580c80b5b4955fd4682524ef2e50b20ed81623em:dossier-source-work:sha256:79df036174b569d91ec1713b45c3c96ed7150328dc3d48575ffe5c838efb005a · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
Calculation · Facial-to-vocal ratio implied by the printed proposal. Calculation: 0.55 / 0.38 = 1.4473684210526316.
- Relation
relation-assertion-derive-proposed-facial-vocal-ratioem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:1dc7494096c9b3290400faf4d848b4ac16ca9811aa2133972d5a77cda888bff6- Proposition
em:dossier-proposition:sha256:9fc8d764c1b57eac8a71922a18379e3a2d4605bf8b49c023363529138e57aa26- Assertion
em:dossier-assertion:sha256:ce6d8d76fa89cd8527162f06c5b0f6e9caf15aed10add3715cf128cd4efadd31
span-ferris-proposaljournal p.252; PDF p.5, final Discussion paragraphem:dossier-span:sha256:54ca43f182a145d9e37dd08e3a7a206002f76077d3fe4125ffcbc71a87f08ee9 · sha256:53ed12503f6f297e17aa6a73173f5c32fc5fc44b686048639e6acb0cd900ec9eem:dossier-edition:sha256:7669d19a5b08701c9a5c5102d54cd2bce8cba854d8bbde75023f1049d2d9294e · sha256:f132b225949e47049c27c628f0580c80b5b4955fd4682524ef2e50b20ed81623em:dossier-source-work:sha256:79df036174b569d91ec1713b45c3c96ed7150328dc3d48575ffe5c838efb005a · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
Calculation · The printed proposal is normalized to one. Calculation: 0.07 + 0.38 + 0.55 = 1.0.
- Relation
relation-assertion-derive-proposed-sumem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:cbd86d4b9a4513e5edd6c3427e1e030ac2a3d1e8bd8b8453e187423e0c84c091- Proposition
em:dossier-proposition:sha256:3200154b9f5d023ab676106b62f7e6e3bd539c5e69f66026b608e4e8b8e887e2- Assertion
em:dossier-assertion:sha256:dbbc0dc321e4993a04ba9453138a8948205e504794eea5343eff9c6f97159467
span-ferris-proposaljournal p.252; PDF p.5, final Discussion paragraphem:dossier-span:sha256:54ca43f182a145d9e37dd08e3a7a206002f76077d3fe4125ffcbc71a87f08ee9 · sha256:53ed12503f6f297e17aa6a73173f5c32fc5fc44b686048639e6acb0cd900ec9eem:dossier-edition:sha256:7669d19a5b08701c9a5c5102d54cd2bce8cba854d8bbde75023f1049d2d9294e · sha256:f132b225949e47049c27c628f0580c80b5b4955fd4682524ef2e50b20ed81623em:dossier-source-work:sha256:79df036174b569d91ec1713b45c3c96ed7150328dc3d48575ffe5c838efb005a · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
Calculation · The reported regression and printed proposal are close, not identical. Calculation: abs((1.50 / 1.03) - (0.55 / 0.38)) = 0.008942258559018867.
- Relation
relation-assertion-derive-ratio-differenceem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:9191549dae61bb7a844586213b899dbf91266e2af74f8fcde17d4a75dd045a9c- Proposition
em:dossier-proposition:sha256:6016e62b8613745cd8cec401cfb4afbb75c130fe9e3eb8b65d3f24ca4a757c9a- Assertion
em:dossier-assertion:sha256:a25802bf6855b74cb5d9ebc39962378f23f2e2f344939cab68fa04beea5f1609
span-ferris-regressionjournal p.251; PDF p.4, Resultsem:dossier-span:sha256:547e7603aa1b4f25f5a0d80061dbc0ac993dda410472b8c85b4f4bd5c016c033 · sha256:bcc0eade411f9c8c396c9b9fcdba75229f47d89257a82c908cb4cf7e98c0ce49em:dossier-edition:sha256:7669d19a5b08701c9a5c5102d54cd2bce8cba854d8bbde75023f1049d2d9294e · sha256:f132b225949e47049c27c628f0580c80b5b4955fd4682524ef2e50b20ed81623em:dossier-source-work:sha256:79df036174b569d91ec1713b45c3c96ed7150328dc3d48575ffe5c838efb005a · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.span-ferris-proposaljournal p.252; PDF p.5, final Discussion paragraphem:dossier-span:sha256:54ca43f182a145d9e37dd08e3a7a206002f76077d3fe4125ffcbc71a87f08ee9 · sha256:53ed12503f6f297e17aa6a73173f5c32fc5fc44b686048639e6acb0cd900ec9eem:dossier-edition:sha256:7669d19a5b08701c9a5c5102d54cd2bce8cba854d8bbde75023f1049d2d9294e · sha256:f132b225949e47049c27c628f0580c80b5b4955fd4682524ef2e50b20ed81623em:dossier-source-work:sha256:79df036174b569d91ec1713b45c3c96ed7150328dc3d48575ffe5c838efb005a · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels
journal p.248; PDF p.1, abstract
3 degrees of attitude (i.e., positive, neutral, and negative) in facial expression ... were each combined with 3 degrees of attitude communicated vocally
- Edition
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- Edition digest
- sha256:f132b225949e47049c27c628f0580c80b5b4955fd4682524ef2e50b20ed81623
- Span
- em:dossier-span:sha256:f3ddd9da7391eb4a4b95240c128531dc4fbc508003f35bced324be48d5cf8784
- Span digest
- sha256:220db2149c0f0244a0e43b6bfeb4d941396a6783121b071b799f69cd8ebe0704
- Retrieval
- No external retrieval record; repository audit span
- License
- No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels
journal p.250; PDF p.3, Materials and Design
Photographs of three female models were taken as they attempted to use facial expressions to communicate like, neutrality, and dislike towards another person ... there were 36 experimental conditions ... 3 Vocal Attitude X 3 Facial Attitude X 2 Speaker X 2 Model interactions
- Edition
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- Edition digest
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- Span
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- Span digest
- sha256:fa09f76126dae7eb46c331df6ffa7f8b671f4002a64646ace7e448d80e3562d0
- Retrieval
- No external retrieval record; repository audit span
- License
- No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels
journal p.252; PDF p.5, final Discussion paragraph
A final comment is required to integrate the implications of the findings of the present study with the findings of the Mehrabian and Wiener study (1967) ... It is suggested that the combined effect of simultaneous verbal, vocal, and facial attitude communications is a weighted sum of their independent effects ... with the coefficients of .07, .38, and .55, respectively
- Edition
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- Edition digest
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- Span
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- Span digest
- sha256:53ed12503f6f297e17aa6a73173f5c32fc5fc44b686048639e6acb0cd900ec9e
- Retrieval
- No external retrieval record; repository audit span
- License
- No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels
journal p.249; PDF p.2, Introduction
Mehrabian and Wiener's (1967) study indicated that the dominant component in a two-channel communication determines the meaning of inconsistent communications
- Edition
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- Span
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- Span digest
- sha256:1c8f1af0b30bdd33c03329bd4415d9e1a7f590dc0ae1fe778473c47a23b00cff
- Retrieval
- No external retrieval record; repository audit span
- License
- No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels
journal p.251; PDF p.4, Results
A_T = 1.50 A_F + 1.03 A_V
- Edition
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- Edition digest
- sha256:f132b225949e47049c27c628f0580c80b5b4955fd4682524ef2e50b20ed81623
- Span
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- Span digest
- sha256:bcc0eade411f9c8c396c9b9fcdba75229f47d89257a82c908cb4cf7e98c0ce49
- Retrieval
- No external retrieval record; repository audit span
- License
- No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
03 The exact derivation of the .07 verbal coefficient is not disclosed in the two inspected 1967 papers or the inspected 1971 book pages.
Typed relation: support
- Relation
relation-assertion-seven-originem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:e8dc06ddc15a45c258e0d36c1ed0355202c04a28da3c573200cb681633487dfa- Proposition
claim-seven-originem:dossier-proposition:sha256:dfcc303b1396eafdb5d289a1110db1a4c6cad96364022344e1403cc70cf041f7- Assertion
assertion-seven-originem:dossier-assertion:sha256:283b0b776cc00fa2677dd288220e1e1a944151ce28b79a7b96fb6e9902037357- Lineage
lineage-seven-origin-unknownem:dossier-lineage:sha256:a163786004de685549681466c4d321824f7eef66077caf48e87d67e1176f327d
Calculation · Reverse-engineered ratio implied by the proposal; it does not recover the missing source derivation of 0.07. Calculation: 0.38 / 0.07 = 5.428571428571428.
- Relation
relation-assertion-derive-implied-vocal-verbal-ratioem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:60936a97bf4f64ef32ecc75993e2569b6849e2525a9711559d09a3496a2f466e- Proposition
em:dossier-proposition:sha256:a0129e09d72c6236c54ccf6c1c70d9de774f4277a06a4f33b49ca102cbf294a0- Assertion
em:dossier-assertion:sha256:6e08aafaee76e583d19b243abec24edca63ef445638e190176ef63f16e65ce94
span-ferris-proposaljournal p.252; PDF p.5, final Discussion paragraphem:dossier-span:sha256:54ca43f182a145d9e37dd08e3a7a206002f76077d3fe4125ffcbc71a87f08ee9 · sha256:53ed12503f6f297e17aa6a73173f5c32fc5fc44b686048639e6acb0cd900ec9eem:dossier-edition:sha256:7669d19a5b08701c9a5c5102d54cd2bce8cba854d8bbde75023f1049d2d9294e · sha256:f132b225949e47049c27c628f0580c80b5b4955fd4682524ef2e50b20ed81623em:dossier-source-work:sha256:79df036174b569d91ec1713b45c3c96ed7150328dc3d48575ffe5c838efb005a · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
Calculation · Sensitivity reconstruction only. Reserving 0.07 is an assumption, not a derivation supplied by P1 or P2. Calculation: allocate 0.93 in the ratio 1.50:1.03 = {"facial":0.5513833992094861,"verbal":0.07,"vocal":0.3786166007905138}.
- Relation
relation-assertion-derive-p2-allocation-with-seven-reservedem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:dd0788a0a4a715510833c325684d827cab6de412417bd8b87f739c7849487546- Proposition
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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels
journal p.251; PDF p.4, Results
A_T = 1.50 A_F + 1.03 A_V
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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels
journal p.252; PDF p.5, final Discussion paragraph
A final comment is required to integrate the implications of the findings of the present study with the findings of the Mehrabian and Wiener study (1967) ... It is suggested that the combined effect of simultaneous verbal, vocal, and facial attitude communications is a weighted sum of their independent effects ... with the coefficients of .07, .38, and .55, respectively
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Silent Messages
PDF p.51, Inconsistent messages chapter
Total liking = 7% verbal liking + 38% vocal liking + 55% facial liking
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04 The circulated claim that 93 percent of communication is nonverbal is not a result established by the two 1967 experiments.
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Decoding of inconsistent communications
journal p.109; PDF p.1, abstract
inconsistent communication of attitude in 2 components of a message
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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels
journal p.248; PDF p.1, abstract
3 degrees of attitude (i.e., positive, neutral, and negative) in facial expression ... were each combined with 3 degrees of attitude communicated vocally
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Silent Messages -- Description and Ordering Information
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Unless a communicator is talking about their feelings or attitudes, these equations are not applicable
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Message impact: What percentage is nonverbal?
ERIC abstract
Regression equations for each of four messages were quite different from Mehrabian's formula and from each other
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Message impact: What percentage is nonverbal?
ERIC abstract
all-channel condition as the criterion variable and the verbal, vocal, and facial channels as predictor variables
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05 The broad rule propagated through public institutional material and a bounded web sample, but propagation supplies zero evidence that the scientific proposition is true.
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Communication is 93% Nonverbal: An Urban Legend Proliferates
journal p.12; indexed PDF readback
63 of the 79 sites (80%) used the 7-38-55 numbers as a general statement about the overall nature of communication
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Communication is 93% Nonverbal: An Urban Legend Proliferates
journal p.13; indexed PDF readback, Limitations
sampling procedure in this study involved a type of convenience sample ... only made use of one electronic search engine, Google
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Police and Crime Plan - Developing the Implementation Plan
PDF slide titled Interesting facts
70 to 93 percent of all communication is nonverbal
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Audio visual for events explained
HTML article body, second paragraph
studies show 93% of communication is non-verbal
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06 The bounded search found one direct all-channel rebuttal and related follow-ups, but no exact replication of the two-study derivation or validation of a universal fixed rule.
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Message impact: What percentage is nonverbal?
ERIC abstract
Regression equations for each of four messages were quite different from Mehrabian's formula and from each other
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The communication of friendly and hostile attitudes by verbal and non-verbal signals
publisher abstract readback
the ratio of non‐verbal : verbal variance was now 1.67:1
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Three cheers for language: A closer examination of a widely cited study of nonverbal communication
ERIC abstract
limitations which do not warrant formulation of a precise numerical formula
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Verify every number
Complete count ledgers
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2 · Original 1967 Experiments
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- data, method, apparatus, social
- Basis span
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em:dossier-edition:sha256:7669d19a5b08701c9a5c5102d54cd2bce8cba854d8bbde75023f1049d2d9294esha256:f132b225949e47049c27c628f0580c80b5b4955fd4682524ef2e50b20ed81623- Basis work
em:dossier-source-work:sha256:79df036174b569d91ec1713b45c3c96ed7150328dc3d48575ffe5c838efb005a· No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
root-hegstromHegstrom all-channel rebuttal root- Member
root-hegstrom- Object type
- lineages
- Object key
lineage-hegstrom-rebuttal- Object ID
em:dossier-lineage:sha256:257e0b1fcd5d5a376dd9e87d35c1d575edb8b258a4400035a7911db154287a2d- Status
- known
- Dependence
- data, method, source
- Basis span
em:dossier-span:sha256:84e714521f572d4045fa074f3796dbda663b9c5606d927defd4caa459cc75aedsha256:8984ae9eb204a78ae87c6bf2e367d74699e49a53e0892ada7d3d93c25bdb8873- Basis edition
em:dossier-edition:sha256:aab90cb44b2944deef68a4fb245bf3c6681ae4814e3befaf254e24ac6aefc392sha256:a8f0ffa29df479841a3725edc8a8c4e05bc1dc2326b5fce71989f9635c9426b3- Basis work
em:dossier-source-work:sha256:2b97d13955e5a28ddd4dbcf662e28befd8c666b09f0308c98fc96c4d51d71810· Publisher full text is closed and returned HTTP 403. The public ERIC and publisher abstracts are used quote-minimally; no full text is redistributed.
root-argyle-1970Argyle 1970 related-study root- Member
root-argyle-1970- Object type
- lineages
- Object key
lineage-participant-argyle-1970- Object ID
em:dossier-lineage:sha256:8098086255adfe1742167fee535f0a451a49bb0c2745a06b9386b2f1dc71e240- Status
- known
- Dependence
- data, method, source
- Basis span
em:dossier-span:sha256:e8a01a006d330bd4a9d45ffe93618728e38a4e49fe05b4bc1d41f7765e9b058dsha256:75bb9f2b9bf5c6dbfd26a2628aabf677e631ba9851ef607aa6006b9c499b2feb- Basis edition
em:dossier-edition:sha256:dbe5cc1f6c6a55aef31517c44c8e1a862c8723676f2ada75003edf0d02efe4d5sha256:4cf3916c4f1bdf828d902cfec6f569a8222d7eebbfb6af13cb128fec43ab5f35- Basis work
em:dossier-source-work:sha256:00cdbabe6986f0214deb80e249845a0a0148dd230ac5b54db86701cfa94d91d7· Closed publisher version; metadata and publisher abstract readback only.
root-argyle-1971Argyle 1971 related-study root- Member
root-argyle-1971- Object type
- lineages
- Object key
lineage-participant-argyle-1971- Object ID
em:dossier-lineage:sha256:cf87e65c60f2b677d1ef84afd1e4a290f624b6d66d962d89bcd7a62af96e6ccc- Status
- known
- Dependence
- data, method, source
- Basis span
em:dossier-span:sha256:f70c8f42aeb96d249a34c9bf28e2f9ce51531a990fb2d068d70bd4beab683675sha256:ae9e89c0355eac4c1f6c10e9e29b25e97a98e5566ad0b931ce3a56ce205c6b3e- Basis edition
em:dossier-edition:sha256:c8542f0e68ad35acf1023c9078ea5f8353202dc3843cb9e36a52400fc7a49962sha256:7b3be73b5cb9427f9bc7640bb873af96e4e40d31bc9a209d16304c7198123ac8- Basis work
em:dossier-source-work:sha256:506b1bbd461c4a7e94a1cd7aba0aa1ccfa061fb1cfa603cbb0e97a05d09aa51b· Closed publisher version; metadata and publisher abstract readback only.
3 · Zero-Credit Propagation Objects
propagation-lapakkoBounded website-circulation sample- Member
propagation-lapakko- Object type
- lineages
- Object key
lineage-lapakko-2007- Object ID
em:dossier-lineage:sha256:8a1a7e917c8242d263092ad2c071248d85959dd2db5693994ac3bb2fe85c8def- Status
- known
- Dependence
- source, method, social
- Basis span
em:dossier-span:sha256:d605d3d8afa9041a9fec755d7b92abd56f0760b86e0e0cd966649d86bc81c994sha256:95dcb11743dc3084a82159fda3d90e35b0c1e5416989283d770ce4540ffa577c- Basis edition
em:dossier-edition:sha256:ee2ae6cec64aa6c6e73cfc7038dbbcf23124844598cc0e87fe2e37c6b030edbdsha256:d3fc3b5073fc79ece2582f7f95905edca1e681b7036f32924cfb409d8d3597d3- Basis work
em:dossier-source-work:sha256:cbf02b7bade0583bdecf1af896a79e36a0e809d482781c9f32bf738f7426a09b· The authoritative landing declares CC BY-NC 4.0 for the work. The inaccessible PDF is not redistributed; passages remain quote-minimal.
propagation-hampshireHampshire institutional recirculation- Member
propagation-hampshire- Object type
- lineages
- Object key
lineage-hampshire-propagation- Object ID
em:dossier-lineage:sha256:e1b3c36f88cbc0d90f561f12310837f356271be06d0dfcd88709e4a45cc29f5b- Status
- known
- Dependence
- source, social
- Basis span
em:dossier-span:sha256:ca601568d638a362e0a1bcc8b34639e5d9ab35277c143ebce53e8aba36be26fcsha256:a93da9a7d23a8c4493fc2fd09a983c5aa6a75dff91861bf528a6408478782e1b- Basis edition
em:dossier-edition:sha256:fe5cee1c9a3e2485b56a45168ee8e5bf71bc98c95750ae539f41e78bba7954b4sha256:1c40fc037fa42d8eb7d3f7221c6f4b46f593cdce1d0ed47339fa87cf146ca846- Basis work
em:dossier-source-work:sha256:c5ee7b3cdeb01cb74f300043c9616f4c0b34889f2d835003b347277520d8e7c9· No artifact-specific open license observed; quote minimally. This is a propagation object and receives zero scientific evidence credit.
propagation-birminghamBirmingham institutional recirculation- Member
propagation-birmingham- Object type
- lineages
- Object key
lineage-birmingham-propagation- Object ID
em:dossier-lineage:sha256:7a32587e1c7bf4a96d78fb681465481685d1e451157ce3b0b2293ab293a00bba- Status
- known
- Dependence
- source, social
- Basis span
em:dossier-span:sha256:ccc46bf74eac7c8ef464c6b3775dc362df9e4446e8c281fd93c05746d36b1c34sha256:7fadc1793ce8dc246fc58b2adb489786eb264a422fc20c06b27264600e4121f9- Basis edition
em:dossier-edition:sha256:728001ca02a47d4d85fb36bfa257790c5014b162d656e0a70c44725eff39b249sha256:f481aca73220ac9d3584b654f859a585e40caae83197a2883e29b8c2f8463f33- Basis work
em:dossier-source-work:sha256:6ac486c44719663b4dff0226037280abb731bdd61908798804bb748c5a05b676· No page-specific open license observed; quote minimally. This is a propagation object and receives zero scientific evidence credit.
1 · Unresolved Coefficient Derivation
unknown-seven-percent-originExact source derivation of the .07 coefficient remains unknown- Member
unknown-seven-percent-origin- Object type
- lineages
- Object key
lineage-seven-origin-unknown- Object ID
em:dossier-lineage:sha256:a163786004de685549681466c4d321824f7eef66077caf48e87d67e1176f327d- Status
- unknown
- Dependence
- model, source
- Basis span
em:dossier-span:sha256:54ca43f182a145d9e37dd08e3a7a206002f76077d3fe4125ffcbc71a87f08ee9sha256:53ed12503f6f297e17aa6a73173f5c32fc5fc44b686048639e6acb0cd900ec9e- Basis edition
em:dossier-edition:sha256:7669d19a5b08701c9a5c5102d54cd2bce8cba854d8bbde75023f1049d2d9294esha256:f132b225949e47049c27c628f0580c80b5b4955fd4682524ef2e50b20ed81623- Basis work
em:dossier-source-work:sha256:79df036174b569d91ec1713b45c3c96ed7150328dc3d48575ffe5c838efb005a· No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
Five-line lexicon
The units are different on purpose
- Participant-data root
- One distinct reported participant collection after shared papers and programs are collapsed.
- Cross-study proposal
- An integration suggested across studies, not a result directly tested in one experiment.
- Propagation object
- A document showing that a claim circulated; it supplies no truth credit.
- Direct rebuttal
- A later all-channel test whose reported equations challenge a fixed universal rule.
- Unresolved derivation
- A coefficient origin the reviewed primary editions do not disclose.