How We Know · Case 004Scope inflation
What the Mehrabian 7-38-55 weighting did and did not show
The claim: Only 7% of communication is verbal; 93% is nonverbal.
Why care: A memorable formula escaped two narrow experiments about inconsistent feelings and attitudes, then circulated as a universal law. The missing experimental scope is the difference between history and advice.
skeptical finding
withhold universal rule and withhold recovered-origin claim for the seven-percent coefficient
If you use this claim
Do not teach that 93 percent of communication is nonverbal: no reviewed three-channel experiment established that universal rule.
The .07 origin remains unresolved, and direct all-channel evidence produced message-specific equations.
BoundaryHistorical evidence through 2026-08-27 about the narrow experiments, cross-study proposal, later qualification, direct rebuttal, and propagation of 7-38-55. This evidence file does not establish a universal law of communication.
The evidence map
How the familiar claim changes under inspection
01 · What was tested
Two separate pairings
One participant group compared words with tone; another compared face with tone.
02 · What was proposed
A cross-study formula
The three weights were assembled across studies; no original experiment tested all three channels together.
03 · What was inflated
A universal 93% slogan
Later circulation documents popularity, not scientific truth, and the exact origin of the .07 coefficient remains unresolved.
Lineage accounting
The units count different things
2original 1967 experimentsTwo different participant groups tested two different channel pairings5participant-data rootsOriginal, direct-rebuttal, and related studies remain separate3zero-credit propagation objectsCirculation documents popularity, not scientific truth1unresolved coefficient derivationReverse engineering does not recover the source of the verbal weight
Shared capture: The two 1967 participant groups are distinct, but their papers share authorship, grants, materials, methods, scales, speakers, citation, and the later cross-study derivation.
Warrant boundary: The fixed three-number formula was proposed across studies; neither original experiment tested verbal, vocal, and facial channels together.
Sentence x-ray
What the selected record actually supports
Read the statement first. Its exact work, edition, span, retrieval, digest, and license chain—plus dependence and calculations—remain one disclosure away.
01support
The circulated claim that 93 percent of communication is nonverbal is not a result established by the two 1967 experiments.
Decoding of inconsistent communications · journal p.109; PDF p.1, abstractInference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels · journal p.248; PDF p.1, abstractSilent Messages -- Description and Ordering Information · HTML body, strong element following the equationMessage impact: What percentage is nonverbal? · ERIC abstract
Trace this statement
- Relation
relation-assertion-popular-ruleem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:4c38a2c323b338f8574623ca37504b6e77ded7a9303ecdf337fde6a33c0260dd- Proposition
claim-popular-ruleem:dossier-proposition:sha256:a8ccfbad6bdf99d4be2938ac6fc23fae7e785dcd57735e3b93e502a2b8aba8ef- Assertion
assertion-popular-ruleem:dossier-assertion:sha256:803cb6783de07cf7cdf07f9f6b4fa0ba6f90260e2c632b3bc22cbf18e34a714a- Lineage
lineage-general-rule-synthesisem:dossier-lineage:sha256:6b47ad10be166f9688f87f5c847b321c50f06d9b30709eb079803e51a14a964c
02support
The .07/.38/.55 values were proposed in P2's discussion as a cross-study weighted-sum extrapolation; neither 1967 experiment tested all three channels together.
Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels · journal p.248; PDF p.1, abstractInference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels · journal p.250; PDF p.3, Materials and DesignInference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels · journal p.252; PDF p.5, final Discussion paragraphInference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels · journal p.249; PDF p.2, IntroductionInference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels · journal p.251; PDF p.4, Results
Trace this statement
- Relation
relation-assertion-three-coefficient-proposalem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:b96dff398cbed1de6bd61eea64f1310a236d8dc6bf867be13b17101679aed5de- Proposition
claim-three-coefficient-proposalem:dossier-proposition:sha256:d5f8c244c917ded288c04ead85148508187beaf34687a13d5bc10fb0b0d3b717- Assertion
assertion-three-coefficient-proposalem:dossier-assertion:sha256:3ea0b7437f3ae5c3a1c60bbb940ad581563333b7f578815a88b56ef0ed24f76d- Lineage
lineage-cross-study-proposalem:dossier-lineage:sha256:dbc978e3950abc1a5b1619813a601090df761d98c7016b8b10f8532137f00923
Typed dependence
edge-p1-p2-proposal-derivationlineage-mehrabian-original-program → lineage-cross-study-proposalem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:21eaf6790f95563abba094777e750923b1ffc99ac39644563ac6efce9a7ef4d5accepted_dimension=derivation; accepted_status=known-cross-study-proposal-missing-verbal-step; effect=The .07/.38/.55 statement combines linked studies in P2's discussion. It is not a third participant-data root, and the exact .07 derivation remains no-credit.
Calculation · Facial-to-vocal ratio from P2's reported regression. Calculation: 1.50 / 1.03 = 1.4563106796116505.
- Relation
relation-assertion-derive-p2-facial-vocal-ratioem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:73ce219cb19b54e72d3335eb15c0b455c74b2abf0ace1303daacb4aef0ec09ea- Proposition
em:dossier-proposition:sha256:2560cd963ac71fe56353a7f4bd65e4813610d046233d456231a6eb02db108e5d- Assertion
em:dossier-assertion:sha256:2207227cbaeab78c16aa47a2cdc3524c33d04f4afa42a9010efbab89423a36d3
span-ferris-regressionjournal p.251; PDF p.4, Resultsem:dossier-span:sha256:547e7603aa1b4f25f5a0d80061dbc0ac993dda410472b8c85b4f4bd5c016c033 · sha256:bcc0eade411f9c8c396c9b9fcdba75229f47d89257a82c908cb4cf7e98c0ce49em:dossier-edition:sha256:7669d19a5b08701c9a5c5102d54cd2bce8cba854d8bbde75023f1049d2d9294e · sha256:f132b225949e47049c27c628f0580c80b5b4955fd4682524ef2e50b20ed81623em:dossier-source-work:sha256:79df036174b569d91ec1713b45c3c96ed7150328dc3d48575ffe5c838efb005a · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
Calculation · Facial-to-vocal ratio implied by the printed proposal. Calculation: 0.55 / 0.38 = 1.4473684210526316.
- Relation
relation-assertion-derive-proposed-facial-vocal-ratioem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:1dc7494096c9b3290400faf4d848b4ac16ca9811aa2133972d5a77cda888bff6- Proposition
em:dossier-proposition:sha256:9fc8d764c1b57eac8a71922a18379e3a2d4605bf8b49c023363529138e57aa26- Assertion
em:dossier-assertion:sha256:ce6d8d76fa89cd8527162f06c5b0f6e9caf15aed10add3715cf128cd4efadd31
span-ferris-proposaljournal p.252; PDF p.5, final Discussion paragraphem:dossier-span:sha256:54ca43f182a145d9e37dd08e3a7a206002f76077d3fe4125ffcbc71a87f08ee9 · sha256:53ed12503f6f297e17aa6a73173f5c32fc5fc44b686048639e6acb0cd900ec9eem:dossier-edition:sha256:7669d19a5b08701c9a5c5102d54cd2bce8cba854d8bbde75023f1049d2d9294e · sha256:f132b225949e47049c27c628f0580c80b5b4955fd4682524ef2e50b20ed81623em:dossier-source-work:sha256:79df036174b569d91ec1713b45c3c96ed7150328dc3d48575ffe5c838efb005a · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
Calculation · The printed proposal is normalized to one. Calculation: 0.07 + 0.38 + 0.55 = 1.0.
- Relation
relation-assertion-derive-proposed-sumem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:cbd86d4b9a4513e5edd6c3427e1e030ac2a3d1e8bd8b8453e187423e0c84c091- Proposition
em:dossier-proposition:sha256:3200154b9f5d023ab676106b62f7e6e3bd539c5e69f66026b608e4e8b8e887e2- Assertion
em:dossier-assertion:sha256:dbbc0dc321e4993a04ba9453138a8948205e504794eea5343eff9c6f97159467
span-ferris-proposaljournal p.252; PDF p.5, final Discussion paragraphem:dossier-span:sha256:54ca43f182a145d9e37dd08e3a7a206002f76077d3fe4125ffcbc71a87f08ee9 · sha256:53ed12503f6f297e17aa6a73173f5c32fc5fc44b686048639e6acb0cd900ec9eem:dossier-edition:sha256:7669d19a5b08701c9a5c5102d54cd2bce8cba854d8bbde75023f1049d2d9294e · sha256:f132b225949e47049c27c628f0580c80b5b4955fd4682524ef2e50b20ed81623em:dossier-source-work:sha256:79df036174b569d91ec1713b45c3c96ed7150328dc3d48575ffe5c838efb005a · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
Calculation · The reported regression and printed proposal are close, not identical. Calculation: abs((1.50 / 1.03) - (0.55 / 0.38)) = 0.008942258559018867.
- Relation
relation-assertion-derive-ratio-differenceem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:9191549dae61bb7a844586213b899dbf91266e2af74f8fcde17d4a75dd045a9c- Proposition
em:dossier-proposition:sha256:6016e62b8613745cd8cec401cfb4afbb75c130fe9e3eb8b65d3f24ca4a757c9a- Assertion
em:dossier-assertion:sha256:a25802bf6855b74cb5d9ebc39962378f23f2e2f344939cab68fa04beea5f1609
span-ferris-regressionjournal p.251; PDF p.4, Resultsem:dossier-span:sha256:547e7603aa1b4f25f5a0d80061dbc0ac993dda410472b8c85b4f4bd5c016c033 · sha256:bcc0eade411f9c8c396c9b9fcdba75229f47d89257a82c908cb4cf7e98c0ce49em:dossier-edition:sha256:7669d19a5b08701c9a5c5102d54cd2bce8cba854d8bbde75023f1049d2d9294e · sha256:f132b225949e47049c27c628f0580c80b5b4955fd4682524ef2e50b20ed81623em:dossier-source-work:sha256:79df036174b569d91ec1713b45c3c96ed7150328dc3d48575ffe5c838efb005a · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.span-ferris-proposaljournal p.252; PDF p.5, final Discussion paragraphem:dossier-span:sha256:54ca43f182a145d9e37dd08e3a7a206002f76077d3fe4125ffcbc71a87f08ee9 · sha256:53ed12503f6f297e17aa6a73173f5c32fc5fc44b686048639e6acb0cd900ec9eem:dossier-edition:sha256:7669d19a5b08701c9a5c5102d54cd2bce8cba854d8bbde75023f1049d2d9294e · sha256:f132b225949e47049c27c628f0580c80b5b4955fd4682524ef2e50b20ed81623em:dossier-source-work:sha256:79df036174b569d91ec1713b45c3c96ed7150328dc3d48575ffe5c838efb005a · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
03support
The exact derivation of the .07 verbal coefficient is not disclosed in the two inspected 1967 papers or the inspected 1971 book pages.
Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels · journal p.251; PDF p.4, ResultsInference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels · journal p.252; PDF p.5, final Discussion paragraphSilent Messages · PDF p.51, Inconsistent messages chapter
Trace this statement
- Relation
relation-assertion-seven-originem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:e8dc06ddc15a45c258e0d36c1ed0355202c04a28da3c573200cb681633487dfa- Proposition
claim-seven-originem:dossier-proposition:sha256:dfcc303b1396eafdb5d289a1110db1a4c6cad96364022344e1403cc70cf041f7- Assertion
assertion-seven-originem:dossier-assertion:sha256:283b0b776cc00fa2677dd288220e1e1a944151ce28b79a7b96fb6e9902037357- Lineage
lineage-seven-origin-unknownem:dossier-lineage:sha256:a163786004de685549681466c4d321824f7eef66077caf48e87d67e1176f327d
Calculation · Reverse-engineered ratio implied by the proposal; it does not recover the missing source derivation of 0.07. Calculation: 0.38 / 0.07 = 5.428571428571428.
- Relation
relation-assertion-derive-implied-vocal-verbal-ratioem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:60936a97bf4f64ef32ecc75993e2569b6849e2525a9711559d09a3496a2f466e- Proposition
em:dossier-proposition:sha256:a0129e09d72c6236c54ccf6c1c70d9de774f4277a06a4f33b49ca102cbf294a0- Assertion
em:dossier-assertion:sha256:6e08aafaee76e583d19b243abec24edca63ef445638e190176ef63f16e65ce94
span-ferris-proposaljournal p.252; PDF p.5, final Discussion paragraphem:dossier-span:sha256:54ca43f182a145d9e37dd08e3a7a206002f76077d3fe4125ffcbc71a87f08ee9 · sha256:53ed12503f6f297e17aa6a73173f5c32fc5fc44b686048639e6acb0cd900ec9eem:dossier-edition:sha256:7669d19a5b08701c9a5c5102d54cd2bce8cba854d8bbde75023f1049d2d9294e · sha256:f132b225949e47049c27c628f0580c80b5b4955fd4682524ef2e50b20ed81623em:dossier-source-work:sha256:79df036174b569d91ec1713b45c3c96ed7150328dc3d48575ffe5c838efb005a · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
Calculation · Sensitivity reconstruction only. Reserving 0.07 is an assumption, not a derivation supplied by P1 or P2. Calculation: allocate 0.93 in the ratio 1.50:1.03 = {"facial":0.5513833992094861,"verbal":0.07,"vocal":0.3786166007905138}.
- Relation
relation-assertion-derive-p2-allocation-with-seven-reservedem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:dd0788a0a4a715510833c325684d827cab6de412417bd8b87f739c7849487546- Proposition
em:dossier-proposition:sha256:5d14bcda8dcd81df4ae4710cb45cd52acde81708296f102c6bd308cc5037dda2- Assertion
em:dossier-assertion:sha256:031fb34ae4c15728800787541044784290bc5c9f9ab79ebf103908165a485e02
span-ferris-regressionjournal p.251; PDF p.4, Resultsem:dossier-span:sha256:547e7603aa1b4f25f5a0d80061dbc0ac993dda410472b8c85b4f4bd5c016c033 · sha256:bcc0eade411f9c8c396c9b9fcdba75229f47d89257a82c908cb4cf7e98c0ce49em:dossier-edition:sha256:7669d19a5b08701c9a5c5102d54cd2bce8cba854d8bbde75023f1049d2d9294e · sha256:f132b225949e47049c27c628f0580c80b5b4955fd4682524ef2e50b20ed81623em:dossier-source-work:sha256:79df036174b569d91ec1713b45c3c96ed7150328dc3d48575ffe5c838efb005a · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.span-ferris-proposaljournal p.252; PDF p.5, final Discussion paragraphem:dossier-span:sha256:54ca43f182a145d9e37dd08e3a7a206002f76077d3fe4125ffcbc71a87f08ee9 · sha256:53ed12503f6f297e17aa6a73173f5c32fc5fc44b686048639e6acb0cd900ec9eem:dossier-edition:sha256:7669d19a5b08701c9a5c5102d54cd2bce8cba854d8bbde75023f1049d2d9294e · sha256:f132b225949e47049c27c628f0580c80b5b4955fd4682524ef2e50b20ed81623em:dossier-source-work:sha256:79df036174b569d91ec1713b45c3c96ed7150328dc3d48575ffe5c838efb005a · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
04rebuttal
The circulated claim that 93 percent of communication is nonverbal is not a result established by the two 1967 experiments.
Decoding of inconsistent communications · journal p.109; PDF p.1, abstractInference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels · journal p.248; PDF p.1, abstractSilent Messages -- Description and Ordering Information · HTML body, strong element following the equationMessage impact: What percentage is nonverbal? · ERIC abstractMessage impact: What percentage is nonverbal? · ERIC abstract
Trace this statement
- Relation
relation-hegstrom-direct-rebuttalem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:b4a0669074531dc15e61a4ac334d9f4a6144f8839dd7efb1d42165c07d49e940- Proposition
claim-popular-ruleem:dossier-proposition:sha256:a8ccfbad6bdf99d4be2938ac6fc23fae7e785dcd57735e3b93e502a2b8aba8ef- Assertion
assertion-popular-ruleem:dossier-assertion:sha256:803cb6783de07cf7cdf07f9f6b4fa0ba6f90260e2c632b3bc22cbf18e34a714a- Lineage
lineage-general-rule-synthesisem:dossier-lineage:sha256:6b47ad10be166f9688f87f5c847b321c50f06d9b30709eb079803e51a14a964c
05support
The broad rule propagated through public institutional material and a bounded web sample, but propagation supplies zero evidence that the scientific proposition is true.
Communication is 93% Nonverbal: An Urban Legend Proliferates · journal p.12; indexed PDF readbackCommunication is 93% Nonverbal: An Urban Legend Proliferates · journal p.13; indexed PDF readback, LimitationsPolice and Crime Plan - Developing the Implementation Plan · PDF slide titled Interesting factsAudio visual for events explained · HTML article body, second paragraph
Trace this statement
- Relation
relation-assertion-propagationem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:8d40cbf75ed5691413058eb8897a00f29bf19e988612e7baaf891481a7ea58cc- Proposition
claim-propagationem:dossier-proposition:sha256:efdd14d5f568683325ed44d9987f3ed9878fa0e994b107ce5974c212fa616d20- Assertion
assertion-propagationem:dossier-assertion:sha256:625df6dc815a85db806104d737cb1608203cafac09ede8fd3f112fa41919cf5c- Lineage
lineage-propagation-synthesisem:dossier-lineage:sha256:12bcc058b0a4d7e00c11c791d5d668da0311ebb1925285ddd7452669b0e3e635
06support
The bounded search found one direct all-channel rebuttal and related follow-ups, but no exact replication of the two-study derivation or validation of a universal fixed rule.
Message impact: What percentage is nonverbal? · ERIC abstractThe communication of friendly and hostile attitudes by verbal and non-verbal signals · publisher abstract readbackThree cheers for language: A closer examination of a widely cited study of nonverbal communication · ERIC abstract
Trace this statement
- Relation
relation-assertion-replication-searchem:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:e1819a23743bec2906fb2a3df92482d588bc420346bc920b949c930380ec09da- Proposition
claim-replication-searchem:dossier-proposition:sha256:56c6c615576b89f1ad5f13e8ee8f1c368a88836774eb154d8afa2730cc42566d- Assertion
assertion-replication-searchem:dossier-assertion:sha256:d3d7599ddaa7014e382283824f578cb199199174f3425c9e1a20485bc27dfcab- Lineage
lineage-follow-up-synthesisem:dossier-lineage:sha256:b3376ccd71df11b760ec6d310527b3e591f9b0a07c53e661505043bcf5271d82
16 exact passages · repeated display spans collapsed
This human register shows each exact accepted span once. The JSON, Markdown, relations, and ledgers retain every occurrence.
Used by evidence statement 01, 04
Decoding of inconsistent communications
journal p.109; PDF p.1, abstract
inconsistent communication of attitude in 2 components of a message
Exact source identity
- Edition
- em:dossier-edition:sha256:9cef493f1c06d772e12bca8b2334c646e2ec97242a5cf6847f4d25fdd31350cb
- Edition digest
- sha256:427ca62349bc67d917928b2badff4f0e2e719a767f39c37249be9f41d2691691
- Span
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- Span digest
- sha256:e5a5e1ffb2ebed6cd6dc939f4ec23d4e956df40f5b5e12b187296c72ec8a24fd
- Retrieval
- Repository audit span; no external retrieval record
- License
- No open article license was confirmed. The readable scan is not redistributed; only identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans are retained. · No open article license was confirmed. The readable scan is not redistributed; only identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans are retained.
Used by evidence statement 01, 02, 04
Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels
journal p.248; PDF p.1, abstract
3 degrees of attitude (i.e., positive, neutral, and negative) in facial expression ... were each combined with 3 degrees of attitude communicated vocally
Exact source identity
- Edition
- em:dossier-edition:sha256:7669d19a5b08701c9a5c5102d54cd2bce8cba854d8bbde75023f1049d2d9294e
- Edition digest
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- Span
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- Span digest
- sha256:220db2149c0f0244a0e43b6bfeb4d941396a6783121b071b799f69cd8ebe0704
- Retrieval
- Repository audit span; no external retrieval record
- License
- No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
Used by evidence statement 01, 04
Silent Messages -- Description and Ordering Information
HTML body, strong element following the equation
Unless a communicator is talking about their feelings or attitudes, these equations are not applicable
Exact source identity
- Edition
- em:dossier-edition:sha256:57d23a52e1ec5e9f0d4fbd012397156b9a5713527634e7c1a3ffce9699ea25d1
- Edition digest
- sha256:a1c7bcc1b2c7e59f8111c255d6d55fde7da6811b7a79b905d9af7de0b2c269b4
- Span
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- Span digest
- sha256:17fc31577e9efe03e26b79276749e7a724ffbe134ac1af41b51c1fe9d227a8cf
- Retrieval
- Repository audit span; no external retrieval record
- License
- Copyrighted author page with no open license observed; quote minimally and attribute. · Copyrighted author page with no open license observed; quote minimally and attribute.
Used by evidence statement 01, 04, 06
Message impact: What percentage is nonverbal?
ERIC abstract
Regression equations for each of four messages were quite different from Mehrabian's formula and from each other
Exact source identity
- Edition
- em:dossier-edition:sha256:aab90cb44b2944deef68a4fb245bf3c6681ae4814e3befaf254e24ac6aefc392
- Edition digest
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- Retrieval
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- License
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Used by evidence statement 02
Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels
journal p.250; PDF p.3, Materials and Design
Photographs of three female models were taken as they attempted to use facial expressions to communicate like, neutrality, and dislike towards another person ... there were 36 experimental conditions ... 3 Vocal Attitude X 3 Facial Attitude X 2 Speaker X 2 Model interactions
Exact source identity
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- Retrieval
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- License
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Used by evidence statement 02, 03
Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels
journal p.252; PDF p.5, final Discussion paragraph
A final comment is required to integrate the implications of the findings of the present study with the findings of the Mehrabian and Wiener study (1967) ... It is suggested that the combined effect of simultaneous verbal, vocal, and facial attitude communications is a weighted sum of their independent effects ... with the coefficients of .07, .38, and .55, respectively
Exact source identity
- Edition
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- Repository audit span; no external retrieval record
- License
- No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
Used by evidence statement 02
Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels
journal p.249; PDF p.2, Introduction
Mehrabian and Wiener's (1967) study indicated that the dominant component in a two-channel communication determines the meaning of inconsistent communications
Exact source identity
- Edition
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- Retrieval
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- License
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Used by evidence statement 02, 03
Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels
journal p.251; PDF p.4, Results
A_T = 1.50 A_F + 1.03 A_V
Exact source identity
- Edition
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- Retrieval
- Repository audit span; no external retrieval record
- License
- No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
Used by evidence statement 03
Silent Messages
PDF p.51, Inconsistent messages chapter
Total liking = 7% verbal liking + 38% vocal liking + 55% facial liking
Exact source identity
- Edition
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- Retrieval
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- License
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Used by evidence statement 04
Message impact: What percentage is nonverbal?
ERIC abstract
all-channel condition as the criterion variable and the verbal, vocal, and facial channels as predictor variables
Exact source identity
- Edition
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- Retrieval
- Repository audit span; no external retrieval record
- License
- Publisher full text is closed and returned HTTP 403. The public ERIC and publisher abstracts are used quote-minimally; no full text is redistributed. · Publisher full text is closed and returned HTTP 403. The public ERIC and publisher abstracts are used quote-minimally; no full text is redistributed.
Used by evidence statement 05
Communication is 93% Nonverbal: An Urban Legend Proliferates
journal p.12; indexed PDF readback
63 of the 79 sites (80%) used the 7-38-55 numbers as a general statement about the overall nature of communication
Exact source identity
- Edition
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- Retrieval
- Repository audit span; no external retrieval record
- License
- The authoritative landing declares CC BY-NC 4.0 for the work. The inaccessible PDF is not redistributed; passages remain quote-minimal. · The authoritative landing declares CC BY-NC 4.0 for the work. The inaccessible PDF is not redistributed; passages remain quote-minimal.
Used by evidence statement 05
Communication is 93% Nonverbal: An Urban Legend Proliferates
journal p.13; indexed PDF readback, Limitations
sampling procedure in this study involved a type of convenience sample ... only made use of one electronic search engine, Google
Exact source identity
- Edition
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- Retrieval
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- License
- The authoritative landing declares CC BY-NC 4.0 for the work. The inaccessible PDF is not redistributed; passages remain quote-minimal. · The authoritative landing declares CC BY-NC 4.0 for the work. The inaccessible PDF is not redistributed; passages remain quote-minimal.
Used by evidence statement 05
Police and Crime Plan - Developing the Implementation Plan
PDF slide titled Interesting facts
70 to 93 percent of all communication is nonverbal
Exact source identity
- Edition
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- Retrieval
- Repository audit span; no external retrieval record
- License
- No artifact-specific open license observed; quote minimally. This is a propagation object and receives zero scientific evidence credit. · No artifact-specific open license observed; quote minimally. This is a propagation object and receives zero scientific evidence credit.
Used by evidence statement 05
Audio visual for events explained
HTML article body, second paragraph
studies show 93% of communication is non-verbal
Exact source identity
- Edition
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- Retrieval
- Repository audit span; no external retrieval record
- License
- No page-specific open license observed; quote minimally. This is a propagation object and receives zero scientific evidence credit. · No page-specific open license observed; quote minimally. This is a propagation object and receives zero scientific evidence credit.
Used by evidence statement 06
The communication of friendly and hostile attitudes by verbal and non-verbal signals
publisher abstract readback
the ratio of non‐verbal : verbal variance was now 1.67:1
Exact source identity
- Edition
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- Retrieval
- Repository audit span; no external retrieval record
- License
- Closed publisher version; metadata and publisher abstract readback only. · Closed publisher version; metadata and publisher abstract readback only.
Used by evidence statement 06
Three cheers for language: A closer examination of a widely cited study of nonverbal communication
ERIC abstract
limitations which do not warrant formulation of a precise numerical formula
Exact source identity
- Edition
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- Retrieval
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- License
- No open license confirmed; only metadata and the ERIC abstract are retained. · No open license confirmed; only metadata and the ERIC abstract are retained.
Verify every number
Complete count ledgers
Every displayed total is a view over these typed members; no total is maintained as marketing copy.
2 · Original 1967 Experiments
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5 · Participant-Data Roots
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3 · Zero-Credit Propagation Objects
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- Basis span
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em:dossier-edition:sha256:fe5cee1c9a3e2485b56a45168ee8e5bf71bc98c95750ae539f41e78bba7954b4sha256:1c40fc037fa42d8eb7d3f7221c6f4b46f593cdce1d0ed47339fa87cf146ca846- Basis work
em:dossier-source-work:sha256:c5ee7b3cdeb01cb74f300043c9616f4c0b34889f2d835003b347277520d8e7c9· No artifact-specific open license observed; quote minimally. This is a propagation object and receives zero scientific evidence credit.
- Birmingham institutional recirculation
Technical identity
- Member
propagation-birmingham- Object type
- lineages
- Object key
lineage-birmingham-propagation- Object ID
em:dossier-lineage:sha256:7a32587e1c7bf4a96d78fb681465481685d1e451157ce3b0b2293ab293a00bba- Status
- known
- Dependence
- source, social
- Basis span
em:dossier-span:sha256:ccc46bf74eac7c8ef464c6b3775dc362df9e4446e8c281fd93c05746d36b1c34sha256:7fadc1793ce8dc246fc58b2adb489786eb264a422fc20c06b27264600e4121f9- Basis edition
em:dossier-edition:sha256:728001ca02a47d4d85fb36bfa257790c5014b162d656e0a70c44725eff39b249sha256:f481aca73220ac9d3584b654f859a585e40caae83197a2883e29b8c2f8463f33- Basis work
em:dossier-source-work:sha256:6ac486c44719663b4dff0226037280abb731bdd61908798804bb748c5a05b676· No page-specific open license observed; quote minimally. This is a propagation object and receives zero scientific evidence credit.
1 · Unresolved Coefficient Derivation
- Exact source derivation of the .07 coefficient remains unknown
Technical identity
- Member
unknown-seven-percent-origin- Object type
- lineages
- Object key
lineage-seven-origin-unknown- Object ID
em:dossier-lineage:sha256:a163786004de685549681466c4d321824f7eef66077caf48e87d67e1176f327d- Status
- unknown
- Dependence
- model, source
- Basis span
em:dossier-span:sha256:54ca43f182a145d9e37dd08e3a7a206002f76077d3fe4125ffcbc71a87f08ee9sha256:53ed12503f6f297e17aa6a73173f5c32fc5fc44b686048639e6acb0cd900ec9e- Basis edition
em:dossier-edition:sha256:7669d19a5b08701c9a5c5102d54cd2bce8cba854d8bbde75023f1049d2d9294esha256:f132b225949e47049c27c628f0580c80b5b4955fd4682524ef2e50b20ed81623- Basis work
em:dossier-source-work:sha256:79df036174b569d91ec1713b45c3c96ed7150328dc3d48575ffe5c838efb005a· No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.
Five-line lexicon
The units are different on purpose
- Participant-data root
- One distinct reported participant collection after shared papers and programs are collapsed.
- Cross-study proposal
- An integration suggested across studies, not a result directly tested in one experiment.
- Propagation object
- A document showing that a claim circulated; it supplies no truth credit.
- Direct rebuttal
- A later all-channel test whose reported equations challenge a fixed universal rule.
- Unresolved derivation
- A coefficient origin the reviewed primary editions do not disclose.