How We KnowCase 001Independently reviewed

Truth, evidence, knowledge, and information

Does repeating misinformation in a correction make it more believable?

Target-comparable backfire appears in some tested formats and contexts, while replications and later studies also report counterevidence. The record does not warrant a blanket rule against repeating misinformation inside corrections, and the causal mechanism remains unresolved.

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How We Know

Truth, evidence, knowledge, and information—where they agree, where they differ, and how we can tell. This first case is a bounded lineage audit, not a claim of general-encyclopedia coverage.

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