How We Know · Case 004 · encyclopedia

What the Mehrabian 7-38-55 weighting did and did not show

What did the 7-38-55 weighting represent in the examined primary editions, how was it derived, and what supports or undercuts its circulation as a general rule of communication?

Historical evidence through 2026-08-27 about the narrow experiments, cross-study proposal, later qualification, direct rebuttal, and propagation of 7-38-55. This evidence file does not establish a universal law of communication.

encyclopedia finding

documented narrow historical proposal with explicit experiment and edition boundaries

What to do with that: Use 7-38-55 only as the history of a narrow feelings-and-attitudes proposal assembled across two linked experiments.

The original participant roots, cross-study proposal, later qualification, and follow-up evidence are different objects.

Lineage accounting

The units count different things

2original 1967 experimentsTwo different participant groups tested two different channel pairings 5participant-data rootsOriginal, direct-rebuttal, and related studies remain separate 3zero-credit propagation objectsCirculation documents popularity, not scientific truth 1unresolved coefficient derivationReverse engineering does not recover the source of the verbal weight

Shared capture: The two 1967 participant groups are distinct, but their papers share authorship, grants, materials, methods, scales, speakers, citation, and the later cross-study derivation.

Warrant boundary: The fixed three-number formula was proposed across studies; neither original experiment tested verbal, vocal, and facial channels together.

Sentence x-ray

What the selected record actually supports

Open a sentence to inspect its exact work, edition, span, retrieval, digest, and license chain.

01 P1 found tone dominance when listeners inferred attitude from inconsistent isolated-word content and intonation without additional relationship information.

Typed relation: support

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Proposition: claim-p1-tone-dominance em:dossier-proposition:sha256:f7006f6c8feef7482d4410618159d18d4c7bbea58741bb9b83ce496b999949d5
Assertion: assertion-p1-tone-dominance em:dossier-assertion:sha256:ebdd4f1e65eefabd606619a37ddcd27ae5b3dffc51baca7e448fc7462229a108
Lineage: lineage-participant-p1 em:dossier-lineage:sha256:e57ceb2324b3adcdf705e9edfcc2c6f35ac41c1a1970042ff60c11e518fc4a89

Typed dependence

edge-p1-p2-author-sociallineage-participant-p1 → lineage-participant-p2em:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:6834de099bbddb1971a4152021f23eb09f993ef29ebdb0a5a4245e07264354c3accepted_dimension=author; accepted_status=known-shared-program; effect=Albert Mehrabian is common to both papers and P1 acknowledges Susan Ferris; the papers are not independent author programs.
edge-p1-p2-grantlineage-participant-p1 → lineage-participant-p2em:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:359f4e4aea90676246decef3ca6cf9d4ae292b78746bcbfc4893ef76c6555c56accepted_dimension=grant; accepted_status=known-shared-grant-plus-distinct-grants; effect=Both report University of California Grant 2189; their Public Health Service grant identifiers differ. This is shared-program evidence, not shared-participant proof.
edge-p1-p2-materiallineage-participant-p1 → lineage-participant-p2em:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:c382279b1c1ef9891eda2023e795876e008701bd67403dbc8359d22dcbe6f642accepted_dimension=material; accepted_status=related-recorded-attitude-materials-not-identical; effect=Both use prepared female-voice attitude recordings; P2 adds facial photographs and does not establish reuse of P1's recordings.
edge-p1-p2-methodlineage-participant-p1 → lineage-participant-p2em:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:b6e757783497f7b5845ab4acd4fe3753a40add0f466c4923fc0bc3f3ac6ea36baccepted_dimension=method; accepted_status=known-related-crossed-channel-design; effect=Both infer attitude from experimentally crossed channel cues; P1 crosses words and tone, while P2 crosses face and tone.
edge-p1-p2-participantlineage-participant-p1 → lineage-participant-p2em:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:19649b1337d67098f9c7f32979f519aba10c576ab68ba13d1d9bc5da12acc57baccepted_dimension=participant; accepted_status=distinct-reported-groups-overlap-not-disclosed; effect=Count two participant-data roots because the papers report separate samples, while withholding any stronger person-level independence claim because participant identities are unavailable.
edge-p1-p2-scalelineage-participant-p1 → lineage-participant-p2em:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:43451c7b43853f9464e619c2d1954712ae9904a982a3b453d90164c51a6bf42daccepted_dimension=scale; accepted_status=known-shared-liking-construct-different-range; effect=Both operationalize attitude as liking versus disliking, while their displayed scale procedures are not treated as identical instruments.
edge-p1-p2-speakerlineage-participant-p1 → lineage-participant-p2em:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:cc1192ff02caf74fa4729528e86056adbb558c4364a178fc5ae8f148803c9074accepted_dimension=speaker; accepted_status=named-speakers-differ-author-speaker-unresolved; effect=The named speakers do not overlap, but P2 leaves one author-speaker unnamed; speaker independence is therefore not fully closed.
edge-p1-p2-stimuluslineage-participant-p1 → lineage-participant-p2em:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:125be946961666ecbcc9ff8e3edcc9cab8aa0e5a9da80ad4dd5bab5ef9bbc65daccepted_dimension=stimulus; accepted_status=known-overlap-neutral-word; effect=P2 reuses the neutral word maybe, which was one of P1's selected words; the material lineage is partially shared.
edge-p2-cites-p1lineage-participant-p2 → lineage-participant-p1em:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:b82ead3331e2c501f148e5ffcc3b276ff18905299111c296f9cdf828eb89fedaaccepted_dimension=citation; accepted_status=known-explicit-citation; effect=P2 is a declared continuation that cites P1 and later integrates its result; it is not an independent replication of the three-number rule.

Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal pp.109-110; PDF pp.1-2, abstract and Materials

single-word contents were each combined with 3 degrees of attitude communicated in tone of voice ... the words MAYBE, REALLY, and OH were selected as comparable instances of neutral contents

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Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal p.113; PDF p.5, Discussion

messages involving single words spoken with intonation are primarily based on the attitude carried in the tonal component

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Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal p.113; PDF p.5, Discussion

can be safely extended only to communication situations in which no additional information about the communicator-addressee relationship is available

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Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal p.109; PDF p.1, title block

authors=Albert Mehrabian; Morton Wiener

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Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal p.109; PDF p.1, footnote 1

Susan Ferris, for her comments on the manuscript

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.248; PDF p.1, title block

authors=Albert Mehrabian; Susan R. Ferris

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Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal p.109; PDF p.1, footnote 1

This study was supported in part by University of California Grant 2189 and in part by United States Public Health Service Grant M-3860.

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.248; PDF p.1, footnote 1

grants=United States Public Health Service 1 R03-MH-12629-01; University of California 2189

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Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal p.110; PDF p.2, Materials

Two female speakers were employed to read each of the nine selected words with each of the three positive, neutral, and negative tones.

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.248; PDF p.1, footnote 1

Dee Nieto, Nina Spitzer, and Barbara Ullman, who acted as models, and Elaine Blackman and Katherine Nelson, who, along with one of the authors, acted as speakers in preparing the experimental materials.

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.250; PDF p.3, Materials

The word "maybe" was selected as an appropriate neutral verbal carrier of vocal communications

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.250; PDF p.3, Materials and Design

Photographs of three female models were taken as they attempted to use facial expressions to communicate like, neutrality, and dislike towards another person ... there were 36 experimental conditions ... 3 Vocal Attitude X 3 Facial Attitude X 2 Speaker X 2 Model interactions

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Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal p.111; PDF p.3, Procedure

using all the information available ... using only the information contained in the meanings of the words ... using only the information contained in the tone

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Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal p.110; PDF p.2, Method/Subjects

Forty-five subjects were used in the initial selection ... A second group of 30 subjects was used in the remaining portion of the study.

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.249; PDF p.2, Method/Subjects

A group of 25 subjects (Ss) was used ... A second group of 17 Ss was used ... A third group of 20 Ss was used ... All 62 Ss were female University of California undergraduates

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License: No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.

Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal p.111; PDF p.3, Procedure

"Positive" refers to liking, preferring or having high evaluations and "negative" refers to disliking, not preferring or having low evaluations of the addressee.

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.251; PDF p.4, Procedure

an attitude scale designated "like," +3 and "dislike," —3 at its poles

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Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal p.109; PDF p.1, footnote 1

Sylvia Norman and Dena Sugar, who acted as speakers in the recording of the experimental conditions

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.249; PDF p.2, Introduction

Mehrabian and Wiener's (1967) study indicated that the dominant component in a two-channel communication determines the meaning of inconsistent communications

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.252; PDF p.5, final Discussion paragraph

A final comment is required to integrate the implications of the findings of the present study with the findings of the Mehrabian and Wiener study (1967) ... It is suggested that the combined effect of simultaneous verbal, vocal, and facial attitude communications is a weighted sum of their independent effects ... with the coefficients of .07, .38, and .55, respectively

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02 P2 found a stronger facial than vocal contribution in a two-channel task using the neutral word maybe and facial photographs.

Typed relation: support

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.250; PDF p.3, Materials

The word "maybe" was selected as an appropriate neutral verbal carrier of vocal communications

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.250; PDF p.3, Materials and Design

Photographs of three female models were taken as they attempted to use facial expressions to communicate like, neutrality, and dislike towards another person ... there were 36 experimental conditions ... 3 Vocal Attitude X 3 Facial Attitude X 2 Speaker X 2 Model interactions

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.251; PDF p.4, Results

The Facial Attitude factor accounted for 41.4% of the total sum of squares ... the Vocal Attitude factor accounted for 19.3% of the total sum of squares

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.251; PDF p.4, Results

A_T = 1.50 A_F + 1.03 A_V

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Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal p.109; PDF p.1, title block

authors=Albert Mehrabian; Morton Wiener

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Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal p.109; PDF p.1, footnote 1

Susan Ferris, for her comments on the manuscript

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.248; PDF p.1, title block

authors=Albert Mehrabian; Susan R. Ferris

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Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal p.109; PDF p.1, footnote 1

This study was supported in part by University of California Grant 2189 and in part by United States Public Health Service Grant M-3860.

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.248; PDF p.1, footnote 1

grants=United States Public Health Service 1 R03-MH-12629-01; University of California 2189

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Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal p.110; PDF p.2, Materials

Two female speakers were employed to read each of the nine selected words with each of the three positive, neutral, and negative tones.

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.248; PDF p.1, footnote 1

Dee Nieto, Nina Spitzer, and Barbara Ullman, who acted as models, and Elaine Blackman and Katherine Nelson, who, along with one of the authors, acted as speakers in preparing the experimental materials.

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Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal pp.109-110; PDF pp.1-2, abstract and Materials

single-word contents were each combined with 3 degrees of attitude communicated in tone of voice ... the words MAYBE, REALLY, and OH were selected as comparable instances of neutral contents

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Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal p.111; PDF p.3, Procedure

using all the information available ... using only the information contained in the meanings of the words ... using only the information contained in the tone

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Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal p.110; PDF p.2, Method/Subjects

Forty-five subjects were used in the initial selection ... A second group of 30 subjects was used in the remaining portion of the study.

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.249; PDF p.2, Method/Subjects

A group of 25 subjects (Ss) was used ... A second group of 17 Ss was used ... A third group of 20 Ss was used ... All 62 Ss were female University of California undergraduates

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Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal p.111; PDF p.3, Procedure

"Positive" refers to liking, preferring or having high evaluations and "negative" refers to disliking, not preferring or having low evaluations of the addressee.

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.251; PDF p.4, Procedure

an attitude scale designated "like," +3 and "dislike," —3 at its poles

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Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal p.109; PDF p.1, footnote 1

Sylvia Norman and Dena Sugar, who acted as speakers in the recording of the experimental conditions

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.249; PDF p.2, Introduction

Mehrabian and Wiener's (1967) study indicated that the dominant component in a two-channel communication determines the meaning of inconsistent communications

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.252; PDF p.5, final Discussion paragraph

A final comment is required to integrate the implications of the findings of the present study with the findings of the Mehrabian and Wiener study (1967) ... It is suggested that the combined effect of simultaneous verbal, vocal, and facial attitude communications is a weighted sum of their independent effects ... with the coefficients of .07, .38, and .55, respectively

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03 The .07/.38/.55 values were proposed in P2's discussion as a cross-study weighted-sum extrapolation; neither 1967 experiment tested all three channels together.

Typed relation: support

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Typed dependence

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Calculation · Facial-to-vocal ratio from P2's reported regression. Calculation: 1.50 / 1.03 = 1.4563106796116505.

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Calculation · Facial-to-vocal ratio implied by the printed proposal. Calculation: 0.55 / 0.38 = 1.4473684210526316.

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Calculation · The printed proposal is normalized to one. Calculation: 0.07 + 0.38 + 0.55 = 1.0.

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Calculation · The reported regression and printed proposal are close, not identical. Calculation: abs((1.50 / 1.03) - (0.55 / 0.38)) = 0.008942258559018867.

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.248; PDF p.1, abstract

3 degrees of attitude (i.e., positive, neutral, and negative) in facial expression ... were each combined with 3 degrees of attitude communicated vocally

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.250; PDF p.3, Materials and Design

Photographs of three female models were taken as they attempted to use facial expressions to communicate like, neutrality, and dislike towards another person ... there were 36 experimental conditions ... 3 Vocal Attitude X 3 Facial Attitude X 2 Speaker X 2 Model interactions

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.252; PDF p.5, final Discussion paragraph

A final comment is required to integrate the implications of the findings of the present study with the findings of the Mehrabian and Wiener study (1967) ... It is suggested that the combined effect of simultaneous verbal, vocal, and facial attitude communications is a weighted sum of their independent effects ... with the coefficients of .07, .38, and .55, respectively

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.249; PDF p.2, Introduction

Mehrabian and Wiener's (1967) study indicated that the dominant component in a two-channel communication determines the meaning of inconsistent communications

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Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.251; PDF p.4, Results

A_T = 1.50 A_F + 1.03 A_V

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04 The 1971 book repeats the equation, calls the numbers approximate, and limits use to one feeling dimension at a time.

Typed relation: support

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Typed dependence

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Silent Messages

PDF p.51, Inconsistent messages chapter

Total liking = 7% verbal liking + 38% vocal liking + 55% facial liking

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Retrieval: No external retrieval record; repository audit span
License: All rights reserved; the scan is not committed or redistributed. Retain metadata, digest, PDF-page locators, and quote-minimal spans only.; Catalog metadata only; no full-text license or readable edition was confirmed. · All rights reserved; the scan is not committed or redistributed. Retain metadata, digest, PDF-page locators, and quote-minimal spans only.; Catalog metadata only; no full-text license or readable edition was confirmed.

Silent Messages

PDF p.52, paragraph following Total feeling equation

Numerical values in this equation are only approximate ... restrict ourselves to the analysis of only one dimension of feeling at a time

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Retrieval: No external retrieval record; repository audit span
License: All rights reserved; the scan is not committed or redistributed. Retain metadata, digest, PDF-page locators, and quote-minimal spans only.; Catalog metadata only; no full-text license or readable edition was confirmed. · All rights reserved; the scan is not committed or redistributed. Retain metadata, digest, PDF-page locators, and quote-minimal spans only.; Catalog metadata only; no full-text license or readable edition was confirmed.

Silent Messages

Open Library JSON: /edition_name, /publish_date, /isbn_10, /number_of_pages

edition_name=2d ed.; publish_date=1981; isbn_10=0534009107; number_of_pages=196

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Retrieval: No external retrieval record; repository audit span
License: All rights reserved; the scan is not committed or redistributed. Retain metadata, digest, PDF-page locators, and quote-minimal spans only.; Catalog metadata only; no full-text license or readable edition was confirmed. · All rights reserved; the scan is not committed or redistributed. Retain metadata, digest, PDF-page locators, and quote-minimal spans only.; Catalog metadata only; no full-text license or readable edition was confirmed.

05 The circulated claim that 93 percent of communication is nonverbal is not a result established by the two 1967 experiments.

Typed relation: rebuttal

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Proposition: claim-popular-rule em:dossier-proposition:sha256:a8ccfbad6bdf99d4be2938ac6fc23fae7e785dcd57735e3b93e502a2b8aba8ef
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Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal p.109; PDF p.1, abstract

inconsistent communication of attitude in 2 components of a message

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Retrieval: No external retrieval record; repository audit span
License: No open article license was confirmed. The readable scan is not redistributed; only identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans are retained. · No open article license was confirmed. The readable scan is not redistributed; only identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans are retained.

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.248; PDF p.1, abstract

3 degrees of attitude (i.e., positive, neutral, and negative) in facial expression ... were each combined with 3 degrees of attitude communicated vocally

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Retrieval: No external retrieval record; repository audit span
License: No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.

Silent Messages -- Description and Ordering Information

HTML body, strong element following the equation

Unless a communicator is talking about their feelings or attitudes, these equations are not applicable

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Retrieval: No external retrieval record; repository audit span
License: Copyrighted author page with no open license observed; quote minimally and attribute. · Copyrighted author page with no open license observed; quote minimally and attribute.

Message impact: What percentage is nonverbal?

ERIC abstract

Regression equations for each of four messages were quite different from Mehrabian's formula and from each other

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License: Publisher full text is closed and returned HTTP 403. The public ERIC and publisher abstracts are used quote-minimally; no full text is redistributed. · Publisher full text is closed and returned HTTP 403. The public ERIC and publisher abstracts are used quote-minimally; no full text is redistributed.

Message impact: What percentage is nonverbal?

ERIC abstract

all-channel condition as the criterion variable and the verbal, vocal, and facial channels as predictor variables

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Retrieval: No external retrieval record; repository audit span
License: Publisher full text is closed and returned HTTP 403. The public ERIC and publisher abstracts are used quote-minimally; no full text is redistributed. · Publisher full text is closed and returned HTTP 403. The public ERIC and publisher abstracts are used quote-minimally; no full text is redistributed.

06 The circulated claim that 93 percent of communication is nonverbal is not a result established by the two 1967 experiments.

Typed relation: qualification

Relation: relation-author-qualification em:dossier-evidence-relation:sha256:d3e5909e1c432b7d846c5b538ddeabb333015675f944033b8ae8c28e01fc8e02
Proposition: claim-popular-rule em:dossier-proposition:sha256:a8ccfbad6bdf99d4be2938ac6fc23fae7e785dcd57735e3b93e502a2b8aba8ef
Assertion: assertion-popular-rule em:dossier-assertion:sha256:803cb6783de07cf7cdf07f9f6b4fa0ba6f90260e2c632b3bc22cbf18e34a714a
Lineage: lineage-general-rule-synthesis em:dossier-lineage:sha256:6b47ad10be166f9688f87f5c847b321c50f06d9b30709eb079803e51a14a964c

Decoding of inconsistent communications

journal p.109; PDF p.1, abstract

inconsistent communication of attitude in 2 components of a message

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Retrieval: No external retrieval record; repository audit span
License: No open article license was confirmed. The readable scan is not redistributed; only identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans are retained. · No open article license was confirmed. The readable scan is not redistributed; only identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans are retained.

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

journal p.248; PDF p.1, abstract

3 degrees of attitude (i.e., positive, neutral, and negative) in facial expression ... were each combined with 3 degrees of attitude communicated vocally

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Retrieval: No external retrieval record; repository audit span
License: No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only. · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.

Silent Messages -- Description and Ordering Information

HTML body, strong element following the equation

Unless a communicator is talking about their feelings or attitudes, these equations are not applicable

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Retrieval: No external retrieval record; repository audit span
License: Copyrighted author page with no open license observed; quote minimally and attribute. · Copyrighted author page with no open license observed; quote minimally and attribute.

Message impact: What percentage is nonverbal?

ERIC abstract

Regression equations for each of four messages were quite different from Mehrabian's formula and from each other

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Retrieval: No external retrieval record; repository audit span
License: Publisher full text is closed and returned HTTP 403. The public ERIC and publisher abstracts are used quote-minimally; no full text is redistributed. · Publisher full text is closed and returned HTTP 403. The public ERIC and publisher abstracts are used quote-minimally; no full text is redistributed.

Verify every number

Complete count ledgers

Every displayed total is a view over these typed members; no total is maintained as marketing copy.

2 · Original 1967 Experiments

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Member
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Basis edition
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5 · Participant-Data Roots

root-p1 1967 words-and-tone root
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em:dossier-span:sha256:f70c8f42aeb96d249a34c9bf28e2f9ce51531a990fb2d068d70bd4beab683675 sha256:ae9e89c0355eac4c1f6c10e9e29b25e97a98e5566ad0b931ce3a56ce205c6b3e
Basis edition
em:dossier-edition:sha256:c8542f0e68ad35acf1023c9078ea5f8353202dc3843cb9e36a52400fc7a49962 sha256:7b3be73b5cb9427f9bc7640bb873af96e4e40d31bc9a209d16304c7198123ac8
Basis work
em:dossier-source-work:sha256:506b1bbd461c4a7e94a1cd7aba0aa1ccfa061fb1cfa603cbb0e97a05d09aa51b · Closed publisher version; metadata and publisher abstract readback only.

3 · Zero-Credit Propagation Objects

propagation-lapakko Bounded website-circulation sample
Member
propagation-lapakko
Object type
lineages
Object key
lineage-lapakko-2007
Object ID
em:dossier-lineage:sha256:8a1a7e917c8242d263092ad2c071248d85959dd2db5693994ac3bb2fe85c8def
Status
known
Dependence
source, method, social
Basis span
em:dossier-span:sha256:d605d3d8afa9041a9fec755d7b92abd56f0760b86e0e0cd966649d86bc81c994 sha256:95dcb11743dc3084a82159fda3d90e35b0c1e5416989283d770ce4540ffa577c
Basis edition
em:dossier-edition:sha256:ee2ae6cec64aa6c6e73cfc7038dbbcf23124844598cc0e87fe2e37c6b030edbd sha256:d3fc3b5073fc79ece2582f7f95905edca1e681b7036f32924cfb409d8d3597d3
Basis work
em:dossier-source-work:sha256:cbf02b7bade0583bdecf1af896a79e36a0e809d482781c9f32bf738f7426a09b · The authoritative landing declares CC BY-NC 4.0 for the work. The inaccessible PDF is not redistributed; passages remain quote-minimal.
propagation-hampshire Hampshire institutional recirculation
Member
propagation-hampshire
Object type
lineages
Object key
lineage-hampshire-propagation
Object ID
em:dossier-lineage:sha256:e1b3c36f88cbc0d90f561f12310837f356271be06d0dfcd88709e4a45cc29f5b
Status
known
Dependence
source, social
Basis span
em:dossier-span:sha256:ca601568d638a362e0a1bcc8b34639e5d9ab35277c143ebce53e8aba36be26fc sha256:a93da9a7d23a8c4493fc2fd09a983c5aa6a75dff91861bf528a6408478782e1b
Basis edition
em:dossier-edition:sha256:fe5cee1c9a3e2485b56a45168ee8e5bf71bc98c95750ae539f41e78bba7954b4 sha256:1c40fc037fa42d8eb7d3f7221c6f4b46f593cdce1d0ed47339fa87cf146ca846
Basis work
em:dossier-source-work:sha256:c5ee7b3cdeb01cb74f300043c9616f4c0b34889f2d835003b347277520d8e7c9 · No artifact-specific open license observed; quote minimally. This is a propagation object and receives zero scientific evidence credit.
propagation-birmingham Birmingham institutional recirculation
Member
propagation-birmingham
Object type
lineages
Object key
lineage-birmingham-propagation
Object ID
em:dossier-lineage:sha256:7a32587e1c7bf4a96d78fb681465481685d1e451157ce3b0b2293ab293a00bba
Status
known
Dependence
source, social
Basis span
em:dossier-span:sha256:ccc46bf74eac7c8ef464c6b3775dc362df9e4446e8c281fd93c05746d36b1c34 sha256:7fadc1793ce8dc246fc58b2adb489786eb264a422fc20c06b27264600e4121f9
Basis edition
em:dossier-edition:sha256:728001ca02a47d4d85fb36bfa257790c5014b162d656e0a70c44725eff39b249 sha256:f481aca73220ac9d3584b654f859a585e40caae83197a2883e29b8c2f8463f33
Basis work
em:dossier-source-work:sha256:6ac486c44719663b4dff0226037280abb731bdd61908798804bb748c5a05b676 · No page-specific open license observed; quote minimally. This is a propagation object and receives zero scientific evidence credit.

1 · Unresolved Coefficient Derivation

unknown-seven-percent-origin Exact source derivation of the .07 coefficient remains unknown
Member
unknown-seven-percent-origin
Object type
lineages
Object key
lineage-seven-origin-unknown
Object ID
em:dossier-lineage:sha256:a163786004de685549681466c4d321824f7eef66077caf48e87d67e1176f327d
Status
unknown
Dependence
model, source
Basis span
em:dossier-span:sha256:54ca43f182a145d9e37dd08e3a7a206002f76077d3fe4125ffcbc71a87f08ee9 sha256:53ed12503f6f297e17aa6a73173f5c32fc5fc44b686048639e6acb0cd900ec9e
Basis edition
em:dossier-edition:sha256:7669d19a5b08701c9a5c5102d54cd2bce8cba854d8bbde75023f1049d2d9294e sha256:f132b225949e47049c27c628f0580c80b5b4955fd4682524ef2e50b20ed81623
Basis work
em:dossier-source-work:sha256:79df036174b569d91ec1713b45c3c96ed7150328dc3d48575ffe5c838efb005a · No open article license was confirmed. Public course hosting does not establish reuse rights; the source is represented with identity, digest, access history, and quote-minimal spans only.

Five-line lexicon

The units are different on purpose

Participant-data root: One distinct reported participant collection after shared papers and programs are collapsed.
Cross-study proposal: An integration suggested across studies, not a result directly tested in one experiment.
Propagation object: A document showing that a claim circulated; it supplies no truth credit.
Direct rebuttal: A later all-channel test whose reported equations challenge a fixed universal rule.
Unresolved derivation: A coefficient origin the reviewed primary editions do not disclose.

The units count different things

What the selected record actually supports

Typed dependence

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Typed dependence

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Typed dependence

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Typed dependence

Silent Messages

Silent Messages

Silent Messages

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Silent Messages -- Description and Ordering Information

Message impact: What percentage is nonverbal?

Message impact: What percentage is nonverbal?

Decoding of inconsistent communications

Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels

Silent Messages -- Description and Ordering Information

Message impact: What percentage is nonverbal?

Complete count ledgers

The units are different on purpose

Reproduce this projection